
W9310
Publication Release Date: July 1996
- 19 -
Revision A3
The relationships between CTS_N and MHZ2_ST and that between DCD_N and FCLK_RT remain
the same as in full-duplex operation. In typical half-duplex operation, the W9310 is assigned to be a
transmitter or receiver, depending on the status of the RTS_N signal. When RTS_N is negated, the
W9310 is configured as a receiver and will wait for a valid spread spectrum signal to arrive. When
RTS_N is asserted, the W9310 is configured as a transmitter and starts transmitting right away. In the
transmit mode, CTS_N follows RTS_N directly. Nominally, it will take approximately 60 bit-times for
the receiver to complete the acquisition process and assert DCD_N. It is the user's responsibility to
transmit enough preamble bits so that the receiver can acquire the remote signal prior to actual data
transmission. Prior to DCD_N assertion, the RX output remains at binary "1." The transmitter stops
transmission as soon as RTS_N is de-asserted. Because of the hysteresis of the digital phase-locked
loop, however, the receiver will not de-assert the DCD_N signal until approximately 40-bit times after
the signal has disappeared. It is up to the user to include and detect end-of-packet information so that
invalid data are not erroneously perceived as valid data. Finally, note that there is no provision for
CSMA/CD type avoidance in the hardware; it is up to the user or the modem system to implement
any desired collision avoidance schemes either in hardware or software. A typical timing diagram for
half-duplex operation is shown in Figure 7.
* Drawing not to scale and CTS_N and DTR_N assumed to be asserted.
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
RTS_N
CTS_N
TX
RTS_N
CTS_N
DCD_N
RX
Rece~60 Bits
~
Invalid RX data
~40 Bits
~
Figure 7. Timing for Half-duplex Operation
Note that there is a key difference between full-duplex and half-duplex operation. In full-duplex mode,
when the W9310 is programmed as a master, it starts transmission as soon as DTR_N is asserted
and reset RST2_N is released. As long as the master is powered on and DTR_N remains asserted,
the W9310 will send out the acquisition burst and try to establish a communication link with a remote
slave. Thus, the communication channel is occupied as soon as the master is powered on and
DTR_N is asserted, and this can occur before any data become available for transmission. Once the
communication link is established, even if there are no data to be transmitted, the master and slave
will remain in communication with each other (sending out "1" in the data field) indefinitely or until the
master is disabled. On the other hand, in half-duplex operation, there is no master or slave, and the
W9310 will start transmitting only when it has data to send, which is indicated by the user asserting
the RTS_N signal. By default, the W9310 will remain in the receive mode, and thus the
communication channel will remain free until a user has data to transmit.